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Future generations of sugar maples are dependent on seed produced by today’s mature trees. Rising to large heights, the Sugar Maple expands its grace, spreading out its incomparable leaves. Samaras are also distinctive. It is commercially important as a source of maple syrup, maple sugar, and hardwood lumber useful in furniture manufacture and flooring. Maples that are fast growing tend to have weak wood and may suffer from wind and ice damage. Warnings. Underside of mature leaves similar in color or only slightly lighter than top. 339 Science II Study the winter twigs carefully. From the little 8-foot (2.5 m.) Japanese maple to the towering sugar maple that can reach heights of 100 feet (30.5 m.) or more, the Acer family offers a tree just the right size for every situation. Similar to other maples, the fruit is a pair of winged seeds about 1 inch long. Oregon State Univ. In winter, buds are easily distinguished. The sugar maple is most easily identified by clear sap in the leaf petiole (the Norway maple has white sap), brown, sharp-tipped buds (the Norway maple has blunt, green or reddish-purple buds), and shaggy bark on older trees (the Norway maple bark has small grooves). Similar to sugar maple but twig surface with small warty growths (lenticels, which are not raised much above the bark surface in sugar maple) and often more hairy buds. Red Maple ( Acer rubrum) Buds conspicuous, plump, rounded, and red; side buds as large as terminal buds, and angled outward. Hard maple is also known as rock maple or sugar maple, (this is the same tree which is tapped to get maple syrup). A shade-tolerant deciduous tree of the northeast, often associated with climax communities on rich, mesic sites. Sugar Maple Tree - Photo by Paul Wray, Iowa State University. The twigs are opposite on the stem, smooth and gray to brown in color. The two most common maples are the sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and the red maple (Acer rubrum).Other popular varieties of maple trees for gardens are the Amur Maple (Acer ginnala), Big Leaf Maple (Acer macrophyllum), and the Hedge Maple tree (Acer campestre).The most famous product from maple trees is the sweet maple … Each winged seed is about 1 inch long. Buds more discrete, sharply pointed, and brown. If you are thinking of planting sugar maple trees, you probably already know that sugar maple are among the best-loved trees on the continent. Fuzzy: If your maple tree has a soft white coating on the underside of … Wildlife Habitat Programs and Consultation. In the sugar maple's native cold climates, the best time to plant is usually early fall. Maple Tree Tar Spot. The most abundant tree species in North America, and a habitat generalist, native to a wide range across the eastern part of the continent. Most fall into zones 4 through 8, but some are less tolerant of cold or heat than other. Flowers well before leafing out. The leaves are three to five lobed, but usually five lobed. valuable forest tree, such as a sugar maple, and it was desirable to clear around it to allow it more light. In such instances the buds are a helpful means of identification. The sugar maple tree seeds require a stratification period of 40 to 90 days, while the Norway maple seeds need a 90- to 120-day stratification at 41 degrees. Identification: Black spots that range in size from a pin-prick to size of a half dollar (4 cm).Some reports say that the spots can get as big as two inches. Vine … Distinguishing tip: Break a Norway maple leaf petiole (stem) and the sap is white. Habitat: Grows on moist woods and wooded slopes in eastern Iowa. Also, the leaf lobes of the sugar maple have a more triangular shape, in contrast to the squarish lobes of the Norway maple. On large branches and trunk the bark is light to dark gray, narrowly ridged with long, deep furrows, sometimes becoming scaly. It is the best of the maples for production of maple syrup and sugar. Widely used as a landscape plant, and has become invasive in North America in the mid-Atlantic, Midwest, and Pacific Northwest. Seed Bearing Frequency: Every 3 to 7 years, Seed Stratification: Prechill for 2 months at 34°F to 40°F. Caused By: Fungi that tends to hide in leaf debris.Specific species include Rhytisma acerinum, R. americanum, and R. The seeds ripen in the autumn. Silver Maple. Samaras green with large round seeds; not yet formed when tree is leafing out. Acer saccharinum (dasycarpum) Flowers while leafing out. Types of Acer Maple Trees Susceptible to leaf scorch, verticillium wilt, tar spot and anthracnose. Photo © Ben Armstrong, CC BY 4.0. Don't transplant your maple tree seedlings outdoors until all chance of frost has passed. Four states have picked this tree as their state tree – New York, West Virginia, Wisconsin and Vermont – and it is also the national tree of Canada. Copyright © 2020 Iowa State University of Science and Technology. Similar to sugar maple but usually darker and more deeply grooved or furrowed. Sugar maple is Canada’s national tree, and it is famous for the maple sugar produced from its sap. Usually only one of the paired samaras is filled with a single seed… Red Maple These … The easiest way to tell these species apart using the leaves is to break a leaf off the twig. Hardiness: Maples vary in hardiness. Slower growing maples have heavier, harder wood, making them less susceptible to branch and limb drop. Sugar Maple ( Acer saccharum) Much more upright form than the species. Samaras bright red, usually well-formed when leaves are leafing out. The flowers of sugar maple were thought to be bee-pollinated (30,641, but a recent study showed that pollination occurs freely in sugar maple without the aid of insects (28). There are about 128 species of maple trees in the Acer plant genus. Sugar Maple ( Acer saccharum) Norway Maple ( Acer platanoides) A shade-tolerant tree native to Europe and Western Asia. Cons of Planting Maple Trees (Tonya’s viewpoint) The allure of maple trees is undeniable. In the fall the yellow, red and crimson colors of the leaves form a very showy and beautiful part of the landscape. In a heavy seed year millions of sugar maple seed can fall in one hectare of forest. In the fall the yellow, red and crimson colors of the leaves form a 1. Ames, IA 50011, Iowa State University | PoliciesState & National Extension Partners. Sugar maple is shade-tolerant but seedlings in dense young stands may survive for only 5 years; those in … Besides this one species of maple, the only other species that are sometimes considered in the grouping of hard maple in the United States are black maple (Acer nigrum) and Florida maple (Acer floridanum) . The tree produces a dense, round, compact crown when grown in the open and is used quite extensively as a shade or ornamental tree. The seeds join each other in a straight line, while the wings are separated by approximately 60 degrees. A native to Eastern North America, the sugar maple (Acer saccharum) grows in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 4 through 8. But be ready for basswood, elms, and birches. The sugar maple (Acer saccharum) (hard maple, rock maple) is one of our largest and finest forest trees, growing to a height of 80 feet with a diameter of two or more feet. On young trees light gray to brown and somewhat smooth; on older trees gray to almost black with irregular plates or scales. Beauty, charm and strength - the Sugar Maple is a hardwood that embodies it all. When selecting a maple tree, be sure to select a species suited for Iowa's weather. campus: on 27th St. west of Burt Hall. The tree produces a dense, round, compact crown when grown in the open and is used quite extensively as a shade or ornamental tree. All rights reserved. Mature Shape: Maples typically have a large, rounded crown. Orange-red fall color. Other related species in this section include Acer campestre (field maple), Acer cappadocicum (Cappadocian maple), Acer lobelii (Lobel's maple), and Acer truncatum (Shandong maple). Red maple has a highly variable leaf shape, and some can look similar to sugar maple, but they are easily distinguished by serrations and the color of the leaf underside. Growth Rate: Maples vary in growth rate. Sugar maple, (Acer saccharum), also called hard maple or rock maple, large tree in the soapberry family (Sapindaceae), native to eastern North America and widely grown as an ornamental and shade tree. Is it a maple tree? Norway Maple Leaf; Norway Maple Seed; Norway Maple twig; Can you see the difference in twig, seed and leaf? Twigs are smooth and reddish-brown with sharp-pointed winter buds. Similar to sugar maple with, perhaps, a slightly larger seed. If you happen to be in spring, try spotting some samaras on your tree. The sugar maple (Acer saccharum) (hard maple, rock maple) is one of  our largest and finest forest trees, growing to a height of 80 feet with a diameter of two or more feet. Find out about some of the most popular maple tree varieties in this article. Identifying a tree as a sugar or black maple (Table 3.2, Figure 3.2 & 3.3) is easily done from the leaves by observing 5-lobed leaves, the paired opposite attachment of the leaves along the stem and the lack of teeth along the leaf margin; from the bark of older trees by observing the long plates that remain attached on one side; from the twigs by observing the opposite arrangement of buds and the relatively long, … The lobes are deeply cut with rounded divisions between the lobes, dark green above and pale green with a silvery cast below. It is obvious that hickories have a terminal bud, as do the maples and the ashes. It is found throughout southeastern Canada, the eastern United States and as far west as central Iowa, but is much more common in the eastern part of the state, mostly on the moist soils of bottomlands and lower slopes with north, east or northeast exposures. Suffers from salt, drought, and air pollution. punctatum. Pests include borers and cottony maple scale. Site requirements vary with the species of maple. General: Also called rock maple for its hard wood, this important timber tree is found on moist wooded slopes throughout PA, reaching heights of 60’-80’. From Top to Bottom: Sugar Maple, Red Maple, and Norway Maple Twigs, Photo by Paul Wray, Iowa State University, Sugar Maple Leaves - Photo by Paul Wray, Iowa State University, Sugar Maple Fruit - Photo by Paul Wray, Iowa State University, Sugar Maple Flowers - Photo by Paul Wray, Iowa State University, Sugar Maple Bark - Photo by Paul Wray, Iowa State University, Agriculture and Natural Resources Extension, Iowa State University Extension and Outreach, ISU Extension and Outreach Tree canopies may be very dense or wide spreading. Though mature maple trees offer a plethora of positive traits, there are some problems with maple trees which must be taken into consideration. The fruit, a double samara, ripens in about 16 weeks. Content on this page is reproduced with permission from the Cornell Maple Program and … Photo © Parks Canada / Parcs Canada / Cape Breton / Cap-Breton. Especially in young maple trees, I believe bud identification is the best way to differentiate the Norway from the Sugar Maple in the winter. The way to tell Red Maple and Sugar Maple apart is by the bark. A leaf from a Norway maple will yield a milky sap from the end of the leaf, while the sugar maple will not. Fruit. Height: Mature height varies with species. The fruit matures in the fall. Combining Warm and Cold Stratification Follow this approach for mountain and Asian species. Sugar maple seeds require moist stratification at temperatures slightly above freezing for 35-90 days. Underside of mature leaves sometimes much lighter in color than top. Flowers dangling, yellow-green. They may Also the Red Maple has a bitter sap as compared to the Sugar Maple. Buds conspicuous, plump, rounded, and red; side buds as large as terminal buds, and angled outward. Sugar Maple ( Acer saccharum) Buds more discrete, sharply pointed, and brown. Sugar Maple – Summer seeds; Sugar Maple – Winter Twig; VS Norway Maple (Acer plantanoides) – A Non-Native Maple. Birds and rodents eat the seeds. Slightly drooping, deeply lobed leaves, each lobe cut. Side buds much smaller than terminal buds and angled in the direction of the twig. persist in the seed bank for more than one year. Flowers more erect, vibrant red with some yellow. In the warmer parts of the sugar maple range, however, planting can be delayed until winter. Sweet Addition to Any Landscape Why Sugar Maple Trees? Trees as young as 22 years can produce some seed but the better crops are produced by much older trees – and sugar maple can live for 400 years. Site Requirements: Maple trees perform best in moist, well-drained soils. The Norway maple is a member (and is the type species) of the section Platanoidea Pax, characterised by flattened, disc-shaped seeds and the shoots and leaves containing milky sap. Learn how to identify sugar maple trees to make maple syrup. The real difference is that the Red Maple has lighter and smoother bark then the Sugar Maple. The wood is used for furniture, musical instruments and flooring, and the sap is collected for maple syrup production. Seed: 1: Acer campestre Hedge maple: 2: Acer circinatum Vine maple: 3: Acer ginnala Amur maple: 4: Acer glabrum Rocky mountain maple ... Sugar maple: Return to Hort 231 or to Plant List 4. Side buds much smaller than terminal buds and angled in the direction of the twig.

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